Equinocavovarus Untreated congenital clubfoot in school, adolescent and adult patients. Current concepts review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccot.2020.12.002Keywords:
clubfoot deformity, idiopatic clubfoot, adult, neglected, talipes, adolescent, congenital, Ponseti metod, tibialis anterior tendón transfe, preschool, school, acquired, manipulation, flat-top talus, outcome, nonoperative, children, older, residual, relapsedAbstract
Untreated congenital clubfoot in school, adolescent and adult patients. Current concepts review
Abstract In the last decades, Ponseti’s Method (PM) has become the gold standard for the treatment of clubfoot. Although in the new born patients is indisputable, the implementation of this method in older patients has been slower due to the small amount of protocols that supports it and the difficulty of follow ups, which limits a timely treatment, creating in addition to the deformity and the limitation in the gait, extensive areas of pressure that makes their treatment more difficult. Therefore, in this revision the intention is to display the importance of this method for the non treated clubfoot in patients of walking age, as it’s definitive treatment, or alternatively, as part of it’s treatment, and in the future of PM making it accessible to all new borns, avoiding the need to perform such technique for the treatment of this pathology in older patients.
Evidence Level: IV
Downloads
References
Ippolito E, Fraracci L, Farsetti P, Caterini R, Di Mario M. The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot CT study at maturity. J Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2004;86-B:574-80. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.86B4.14120
Graf AN, Kuo KN, Kurapati NT, Krzak JJ, Hassani S, Angela K, Caudill AK, Flanagan A, Harris GF, Smith PA. A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? J Pediatr Orthop. 2019;39:527-33. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000001060
Ponseti IV, El-Khoury GY, Ippolito E, Weinstein SL. A Radiographic Study of Skeletal Deformities in Treated Clubfeet. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;180:30-42. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-198110000-00003
Ochoa-del-Portillo G. Pie equino varo congenito idiopático. (Primera Parte). Rev Col Ortop y Traum. 1996;10:27-50.
Ochoa-del-Portillo G. Pie equino varo congenito idiopático. (Segunda Parte) Rev Col Ortop y Traum. 1996;10:112-40.
Hosking SW, Scott W. A study of the anatomy and biomechanics ofthe ankle region in normal and club feet(talipes equino varus) of infants. J. Anat. 1982;134:227-36.
Nogueira M. Treatment of clubfoot after walking age, chapter in preparation, personal communication. July 2020.
Zide JA, Myerson M. The Overcorrected Clubfoot in the Adult: Evaluation and Management--Topical Review. Foot & Ankle International. 2013;34:1312-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100713497934
Burger D, Aiyer A, Myerson S. Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity in the Adult Patient. Foot Ankle Clin N Am. 2015;20:587-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2015.07.006
Khan SA, Kumar A. Ponseti's manipulation in neglected clubfoot in children more than 7 years of age: a prospective evaluation of 25 feet with long-term follow-up. Journal of Pediatr Orthop B. 2010;19:385-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPB.0b013e3283387cc8
Lourenco AF, Morcuende JA. Correction of neglected idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89-B:378-81. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.89B3.18313
Ramin Haj Zargar Bashia, Taghi Baghdadia, Mehdi Ramezan Shirazia, Reza Abdia, Hossein, Aslanib. Modified Ponseti method of treatment for correction of neglected clubfoot in older children and adolescents - a preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2016;25:99-103. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPB.0000000000000266
Ferraz G, Stefani KC, Haje D, de P, Nogueira MP. The Ponseti method in children with clubfoot after walking age. Systematic review and metanalysis of observational studies. PLOS ONE. 2018;13:1-15, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207153
Brodsky JW. The Adult Sequelae of Treated Congenital Clubfoot. Foot Ankle Clin N Am. 2010;15:287-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2010.03.002
Lui TH. Case report: correction of neglected club foot deformity by arthroscopic assisted triple arthrodesis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130:1007-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-010-1078-3
Frischhut B, Stöckl B, Landauer F, Krismer M, Menardi G. Foot Deformities in Adolescents and Young Adults with Spina Bifida. J Pediatr Orthop Part B. 2000;9:161-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01202412-200006000-00005
Ramseier LE, Shoengjer R, Vienne P, Espinosa N. Treatment of late recurring idiopathic clubfoot deformity in adults. Acta Orthop Belg. 2007;73:641-7.
Menz HB, Dufour AB, Riskowski JL, Hillstrom HJ, Hannan MT. Foot Posture, Foot Function and low back pain: The Framingham Foot Study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52:2275-82, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ket298
Ponseti IV, Smoley EU. Congenital Club Foot: The Results of Treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;(45):261-344. Reprinted Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1133-45. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-196345020-00004
Lasebikan OA, Anikwe IA, Onyemaechi NO, Chukwujindu ED, Nwadinigwe CU, Omoke NI. Ponseti clubfoot management method: Initial experience with 273 clubfeet treated in a clubfoot clinic of a Nigerian regional orthopedic hospital. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22:1266-70. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_401_18
Radler C. The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations. International Orthopaedics (SICOT). 2013;37:1747-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-2031-1
Laaveg SJ, Ponseti IV. Long -term Results of Treatment of Congenital Club Foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62-A: 23-31. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198062010-00004
Ippolito E, Farsetti P, Caterini R, Tudisco C. Long-Term Comparative Results in Patients with Congenital Clubfoot Treated with Two Different Protocols. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A:1286-97. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200307000-00015
Oˇst'ádal M, Chomiak J, Dungl P, Frydrychová M, Burian M. Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus. International Orthopaedics (SICOT). 2013;37:1821-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-2033-z
Cooper DM, Dietz FR. Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot.A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Note. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77-A:1477-89. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199510000-00002
Bibbo C, Jaglan SS. Tendon Transfers for Equinovarus Deformity in Adults and Children. Foot Ankle Clin N Am. 2011;16:401-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2011.07.001
Mulhern JL, Protzman NM, Brigido SA. Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2016;33:41-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2015.06.003
Adegbehingbe OO, Oginni LM, Ogundele OJ, Ariyibi AL, Abiola PO, Ojo OD. Ponseti Clubfoot Management: Changing Surgical Trends in Nigeria. Iowa Orthop J. 2010;30:7-14.
Eidelman M, Kotlarsky P, Herzenberg JE. Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery. J Child Orthop. 2019;13:293-303. https://doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.13.190079
Isyar M, Cakmak S, Mahirogullari M, Keklickci K, Ekinci MB, Rodop O. What is the fate of clubfoot patients treated by posteromedial release. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015;135:789-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2213-y
Symenonidis P, Christodoulou A, Mareti E, Eleftherochorinou A, Gkourani S, Mbeslikas T, Kyrkos J. Patient-Based Long-Term Results of the Surgical Treatment of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus. Foot&Ankle Specialist. 2016;9:258-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938640015620639
Van der Steen MC, Andrei PA, Van-Rietbergen B, Ito K, Besselaar AT. Quantifying joint stiffness in clubfoot patients. Clinical Biomechanics. 2018;60:185-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.10.022
Morcuende JA, Dolan LA, Dietz FD, Ponseti IV. Radical Reduction in the Rate of Extensive Corrective Surgery for Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method. Pediatrics. 2004;113:376-80, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.2.376
Smith P, Kuo KN, Graf AN, Krzak JJ, Flanagan A, Hassani S, Caudill AK, Dietz F, Morcuende J, Harris GF. Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472:1281-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3386-8
Orhan-Akinci O, Akalin Y. Medium-term results of single-stage posteromedial release and triple arthrodesis in treatment of neglected clubfoot deformity in adults. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2015;49:175-83. https://doi.org/10.3944/AOTT.2015.13.0019
Zhang T, Rei-Banna G, Frick S. Arthrodesis of the foot or Ankle in Adult Patients with Congenital Clubfoot. Cureus. 2019;11, https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6505
Hsu LP, Dias LS, Swaroop VT. Long-Term Retrospective Study of Patients with Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated with Posterior Mediallateral Release. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95-A:e271-8, https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.L.00246
Mayet Z, Barnard AC, Birkholtz F. Use of a Ponseti-hex Assisted Triple Arthrodesis: A Case Study of bilateral Neglected Adult - Clubfoot. Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports. 2019;9:85-9,
Storën H. Operative Treatment of Club-Foot in Older Children and Adults. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2009;18(1-4):233-65,
https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674908988975
Shaefer D, Heftti F. Combined cuboid/cuneiform osteotomy for correction of residual adductus deformity in idiopathic and secondary club feet. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82-B:881-4. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.82B6.0820881
El Hacen MM, Sghair YM, BIha N, Aw A, Trigui M, Né Chekh. Case report: Pied varus équin de ladulte ' traité par arthrodése tibiocalcanéenne: á propos de deux cas (3 pieds), Pan African Medical Journal. 2018;30:1-6, https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.30.222.15297
Sanabria-Avila G, Lopez -Ruiz R, Matamoros-Alvarez O. Manejo y seguimiento del Pie Zambo Idiopático en ninos ˜ mayores de 3 Anos ˜ por medio del Método de Ponseti. Rev med de Costa Rica y Centroamérica. 2010;LXVII:377-84.
Sinha A, Mehtani A, Sud A, Vijay V, Kumar N, Prakash J. Evaluation of Ponseti method in neglected clubfoot. Indian J Orthop. 2016;50:529-35. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.189597
Kuo KNMD, Smith PAMD. Correcting Residual Deformity Following Clubfoot Releases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1326-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0664-y
Besse JL, Leemrijse T, Thémar-Noel C, Tourné Y. Le pie bot varus ëquin: traitement chez lenfant ' et devenir ä L'âge adulte. Congenital club foot: treatment in childhood, outcome and problems in adulthood. Revue de chirugie orthopédique. 2006;92:175-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-1040(06)75703-8
McKay SD, Dolan LA, Morcuende JA. Treatment Results of Late-relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Previously Treated With the Ponseti Method. J. Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32:406-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e318256117c
Holt JB, Oji DE, Yack HY, Morcuende JA. Long-Term Results of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsed Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method. A Follow-up of Thirty-seven to Fifty-five Years. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97:47-55. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.N.00525
Nogueira MP, Ey-Batle AM, Alves CG. Is it Possible to Treat Recurrent Clubfoot with the Ponseti Technique After Posteromedial Release? A Preliminary Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1298-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-0718-9
Limpaphayom N, Kerr SJ, Prasongchin P. Idiopathic clubfoot: ten year follow-up after a soft tissue release procedure. International Orthopaedics (SICOT). 2015:81-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-014-2526-4
Digge V, Desai J, Das S. Expanded Age Indication for Ponseti Method for Correction of Congenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery. 2018;57:155-8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2017.08.015