Reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior con autoinjerto semitendinoso-recto interno fijado con tornillos de interferencia bioabsorbibles: evaluación clínica y funcional
Palabras clave:
Ligamento Cruzado Anterior, Tornillos Óseos, Trasplante AutólogoResumen
Introducción: las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) son muy frecuentes y no tratarlas aumenta el riesgo de osteoartrosis en la rodilla, por lo que hoy se recomienda la reconstrucción quirúrgica.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, tipo serie de casos con nivel de evidencia IV. Se evaluaron 54 pacientes a quienes se les realizó reconstrucción de LCA por abordaje único, con injerto autólogo de semitendinoso y recto interno cuádruple fijado con tornillos de interferencia bioabsorbible, entre octubre de 2005 y octubre de 2008. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de inestabilidad anterior de la rodilla por ruptura traumática del LCA. El seguimiento mínimo fue de un año.
Resultados: los pacientes se evaluaron utilizando las escalas de Lysholm, Tegner y se preguntó por el grado de satisfacción con la cirugía. La escala de Lysholm mostró resultados excelentes y buenos en un 86 % y regulares en un 11 %. El puntaje de la escala de Tegner pasó de 3,7 en el preoperatorio a 5 en el posoperatorio. La única complicación observada fue la sinovitis.
Discusión: se puede afirmar que los pacientes evaluados en esta serie, tratados mediante fijación con tornillos bioabsorbibles, tuvieron un porcentaje satisfactorio de buenos resultados funcionales, similar al reportado en la literatura en la mayoría de series de casos de reconstrucción del LCA.
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