Cartílago articular: estructura, patologías y campos eléctricos como alternativa terapéutica. Revisión de conceptos actuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccot.2017.06.002Palabras clave:
cartílago articular, condrocito, campo eléctrico, cultivo celular, colágeno, agrecanoResumen
Las patologías degenerativas que ocasionan daños morfológicos, moleculares y biomecánicos en el cartílago articular conducen a una reorganización bioquímica de la matriz extracelular, a la vez que alteran las moléculas principales, como el colágeno de tipo II y el agrecano. En busca de opciones terapéuticas, los campos eléctricos han sido una herramienta utilizada para tratar las patologías asociadas con el cartílago articular. Estos aumentan la viabilidad celular y estimulan la proliferación y expresión génicas de proteínas como el colágeno de tipo II y la proteína central del agrecano. Esta revisión resalta tanto la morfofisiología, como las patologías y los tratamientos del cartílago articular, y destaca la importancia del uso de los campos eléctricos como un estímulo para los condrocitos articulares cultivados en monocapa. En conclusión, se muestra que los campos eléctricos aumentan la viabilidad celular y estimulan la proliferación y síntesis de las principales moléculas de la matriz extracelular del cartílago. Esto tiene implicaciones desde el punto de vista terapéutico para futuras aplicaciones tanto en la ingeniería de tejidos como en la medicina regenerativa.
Nivel de evidencia clínica. Nivel IV.
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