Tratamiento de lesiones osteocondrales de patela con trasplante autólogo: resultados funcionales e imagenológicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccot.2019.12.003Palabras clave:
cartílago articular, patela, mosaicoplastia, trasplante osteocondral autólogoResumen
Introducción: El trasplante osteocondral autólogo es una técnica reproducible y con pocas complicaciones para el manejo de lesiones traumáticas grado III y IV de Outerbridge en patela. Con este estudio se busca evaluar los resultados funcionales e imagenológicos en pacientes manejados con esta técnica.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes con lesiones traumáticas grado III y IV de Outerbridge (OB) en patela, menores de 25 mm de diámetro, sin otras lesiones agregadas, operados con trasplante osteocondral autólogo entre marzo de 2013 y diciembre de 2016. Se evaluaron la escala visual análoga (EVA) y la escala funcional Kujala prequirúrgicas, y se compararon con los controles a los 3 y 6 meses. Se usó el score MOCART por resonancia magnética nuclear a los 6 meses postquirúrgicos para evaluar el porcentaje de osteointegración del injerto.
Resultados: El estudio incluyó 13 pacientes, 8 hombres (62%) con una edad promedio de 30 años. La lesión más frecuente fue la tipo IV de OB con un 86.6%. El EVA prequirúrgico promedio fue de 7.8 (±0.83), con controles a los 3 y 6 meses de 3.3 (±1.67) y 2.9 (±2.1) respectivamente, ambos con un valor de p <0.05. La escala funcional Kujala tuvo un promedio prequirúrgico de 33.3 (±10.1), con controles a los 3 y 6 meses de 56.1 (±21.1) y 74 (±17.6) respectivamente, ambos con un valor de p <0.05. El score MOCART promedio a los 6 meses fue de 70.5 (±12.1); 7 pacientes (53.8%) presentaron un valor mayor a 80.
Discusión: El Trasplante Osteocondral Autólogo en patela es una técnica con buenos resultados en pacientes con lesiones grado III y IV de OB, con mejoría significativa a los 3 y 6 meses del postoperatorio en la escala funcional de Kujala y reducción de la EVA. La tasa de integración del injerto medido por MOCART a los 6 meses fue 53%.
Nivel de Evidencia: IV
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