Etiología y anatomía patológica del pie equino varo congénito idiopático. Revisión de conceptos actuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccot.2021.01.001Palabras clave:
pie equino varo, talipes equinovarus, etiología, factores de riesgo, anatomía patológica, genéticaResumen
El pie equino varo congénito (PEVC) idiopático es la deformidad ortopédica más frecuente de los miembros inferiores. Su incidencia presenta variaciones geográficas y raciales. En general es de 1-2 x 1000 recién nacidos vivos. Se ha propuesto una patogénesis multifactorial. Epidemiológicamente, a pesar de la gran heterogeneidad de los estudios, los meta análisis destacan entre otros, la historia familiar y el tabaquismo, como factores asociados con la ocurrencia de PEVC. Diferentes genes han sido descubiertos con el advenimiento de nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico genético (HOX-PITX1-TBX4, entre otros) pero los casos con estas anormalidades son de rara ocurrencia y apenas explicarían el 5% de asociación hereditaria. La anatomía patológica obedece principalmente a alteraciones todavía no bien definidas de los tejidos blandos musculares, tendinosos y ligamentosos de la pierna, con el resultado de alteraciones del desarrollo muscular, neurovascular, contracturas de tejidos blandos, alteraciones secundarias óseas y articulares.
Nivel de Evidencia: IV
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