Hallux Rigidus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccot.2019.07.003Keywords:
Hallux Rigidus, PathologyAbstract
Hallux Rigidus is a disorder associated with degenerative changes of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTF) of Hallux, which is a painful condition with restriction in the mobility arcs (mainly in the sagittal plane), a feeling of stiffness and usually with a progressive formation of a dorsal osteophyte. The joint is limited in load / support, but not in discharge, thus improving the symptoms.
It has also been described in the literature as Hallux Flexus, Hallux Limitus, Metatarsus Elevatus, and dorsal bunion. It is associated with other osteoarthrosis of the foot and is the second most common disorder of the Hallux. It affects 3% of adults, and the average age is above 50 years. It has a 2: 1 ratio of women versus men.
Initially described by Davis Colley in 1887 as ‘‘Hallux Flexus’’ and later called Hallux Rigidus by Cotterill in 1888. Since then, several anatomical, radiological and historical factors have been investigated to develop its aetiological factors.
The mobility of the MTF depends on the neighbouring structures, such as the Achillescalcaneal-plantar (ACP) system and the internal arch, which support the medial anterior in the propulsion phase or the third rocker. For this, adequate mobility of the Hallux MTF is necessary to vertically align the first metatarsal and load the hallux-sesamoid system. The MTF joint supports up to 90% of the body weight in the take-off phase.
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